模拟情景教学法在《现场急救》课程中的应用

选择公安院校学习现场急救课程的72名学生随机分成2组：实验组与对照组，分别采取模拟情景教学法和传统教学法针对同一个内容组织教学，并对理论和实验成绩进行统计分析，然后对模拟情景教学法在现场急救中的应用效果进行评估。结果表明：理论成绩两组无显著差异，实验成绩实验组优于对照组。结论：模拟情景教学法在现场急救中的应用，有助于培养学生团队精神及综合分析解决问题的能力，并能提高学生的现场救护决策能力，同时也极大地提高了学生的学习热情和学习兴趣。     

How do coalition signals shape voting behavior? Revealing the mediating role of coalition expectations

Existing empirical research suggests that there are two mechanisms through which pre-electoral coalition signals shape voting behavior. According to these, coalition signals both shift the perceived ideological positions of parties and prime coalition considerations at the cost of party considerations. The work at hand is the first to test another possibility of how coalition signals affect voting. This coalition expectation mechanism claims that coalition signals affect voting decisions by changing voters' expectations about which coalitions are likely to form after the election. Moreover, this paper provides the first integrative overview of all three mechanisms that link coalition signals and individual voting behavior. Results from a survey experiment conducted during Sweden's 2018 general election suggest that the coalition expectation mechanism can indeed be at work. By showing how parties' pre-electoral coalition behavior enter a voter's decision calculus, the paper provides important insights for the literature on strategic voting theories in proportional systems.     

传统录音机和数码录音笔在信道中的差异

语音是重要的法庭证据。随着科学技术的进步,各种各样的语音采集设备出现在人们的日常生活中。从传统的录音机到数字录音笔、手机、MP3,语音采集经历了由模拟信号到数字信号的转换过程。不同的采集设备和方法会造成语音的信道差异。传递语音信号的通道,如：传统录音机和数码录音笔由于各自的频率响应性能不同,对信号施加的影响也不同。传统录音机传递的是连续变化的模拟信号,数码录音笔传递的则是以有限个＂1＂和＂0＂的代码组合成为信息的数字信号,两者是现在普遍应用的两种信号模式。研究表明：信号通道对于语音识别,特别是自动语音识别的影响是明显的,但是对于图谱视觉检验的影响、影响的程度如何还尚待进一步的深入研究。     

识别和应对谎言措施研究

讯问对象说谎时总是会出现心理上的障碍,并通过他的口头语言和身体语言信号表现出来。讯问人员要能够识别这些信号,并运用一定的讯问技巧来揭露和应对讯问对象的谎言。识别和应对谎言是讯问人员的必备技能,要通过讯问实践的不断地培养和训练才能具备。     

论类推思维在法律发现当中的地位——以孙斯坦有关类推思维思想为中心的考察

随着人们对传统法律三段论在法律适用过程中作用的反思,一种围绕着类推思维为中心的法律发现模式逐渐获得了人们的普遍认同。借助于未完全理论化协议理论,孙斯坦将类推思维在法律发现当中的地位和作用上升到推进民主司法的高度,从而更有力地彰显了类推思维在当代司法实践当中的重要性。类推思维是一个迈向民主政治的法治社会应该努力倡导的一种法律思维和法律适用模式,捍卫法治需要我们认真地对待类推思维方法在法律发现当中的地位。     

体检人群肝脂肪病变者中医脉象信号的递归定量识别与分析

目的 运用研究非线性动力学的递归定量分析（recurrence quantification analysis,RQA）方法对体检人群肝脂肪病变者的脉象信号进行分析,探讨脉象信号非线性动力学特征对肝脂肪病变的识别价值。方法 运用ZY-I型脉诊仪采集体检人群的脉象信号,根据腹部超声报告将体检人群分为肝脂肪病变组和非肝脂肪病变组;提取体检人群脉象信号RQA特征,并运用非参数检验分析两组人群脉象信号的RQA特征差异;基于脉象信号RQA特征,运用随机森林算机器学习方法建立体检人群肝脂肪病的识别模型,并通过评价准则包括准确率、精确率、召回率、F1值、受试者工作特征曲线（receiver operating characteristic curve,ROC）及曲线下面积（area under the curve of ROC,AUC）评估模型识别性能。结果 肝脂肪病变组脉象信号RQA特征RR、DET、L、ENTR、LAM、TT、Vmax均高于非肝脂肪病变组（P＜0.05）;基于脉象信号RQA特征建立的体检人群肝脂肪病变识别模型,其准确率为80.34％、精确率为82.166％、召回率为86.000％、F1值为84.039％、AUC为86.774％。结论 与非肝脂肪病变组相比,肝脂肪病变组的脉象信号系统表现出更高的规律性、确定性、稳定性,基于RQA特征建立的体检人群肝脂肪病变识别模型能较好地区分肝脂肪病变组与非病变组的脉象信号,可为肝脂肪病变的早期预警及辅助诊断提供一定的临床参考。     

罪刑法定视野下刑法扩张解释的"度"——以扩张解释与类推解释的区分为视角

刑法扩张解释的"度"如何去判断,关键是扩张解释与类推解释的区分问题。对于如何区分扩张解释与类推解释,刑法理论上提出了各种标准,如内容说、思维方式说、可能文义说、核心属性说,这些标准在实践中难以经得起检验。采取单一标准对二者进行区分是不具可行性的,语词的特点、事实的多样、社会的变化、主体的差异等诸多因素及其相互关系决定了,扩张解释与类推解释的区分不是绝对而是相对的,我们必须从动态的、综合的观点去看待类推解释与扩张解释的区分。以刑法文本为依据,以事物的本质属性为主线,以国民预测可能性为限定,强调法官的"良心"在解释中的作用,并辅之以程序上的限制,具体分析、综合判断,这是我们对待扩张解释与类推解释的区分应有的态度。     

Do Sanctions Always Stigmatize? The Effects of Economic Sanctions on Foreign Aid

A prevalent view among both scholars and policymakers is that economic sanctions stigmatize and isolate their targets. According to this perspective, the stigma associated with economic sanctions should signal to foreign aid donors that they should be more cautious and restrained in providing assistance to sanctioned states. We test this signaling-based theory via a large-n analysis of the impact that sanctions imposed by the United States and those supported by the United Nations (UN) had on the aid flows of 133 recipient states from 1960–2000. Contrary to expectations, our results indicate that being subject to sanctions supported by the UN does not have a negative effect on target states’ aid flows, and being sanctioned by the United States actually has a positive effect on them. We explore two potential explanations for our puzzling findings based upon donor self-interest and donor altruism via a scoping analysis of eight sanctions cases in which target states received greater than expected aid flows. Our findings suggest that theories based upon donor self-interest represent the most promising explanation for why individual donors may increase their aid to sanctioned states.     

‘Gross inefficiency and criminal negligence’: the Services Reconnaissance Department in Timor in 1943–45 and the Darwin war crimes trials in 1946

The post-World War II Australian military war crimes trials of Japanese from 1945–51 have been criticised for using a rule of evidence considerably relaxed from the ordinary requirements of a criminal trial, one that did not require witnesses to give evidence in person. Circumstantial evidence suggests that, in relation to a trial held in Darwin in March 1946 for war crimes committed in Timor, the secretive Special Operations Australia, otherwise known as the Services Reconnaissance Department (SRD), took advantage of the rule. This article argues that the SRD did not allow their members to give evidence in person in an attempt to control and limit the dissemination of information about their operational and security failures in Timor from 1943–45. The SRD operation was adjudged by its own official historian as displaying ‘gross inefficiency and criminal negligence’. While the SRD’s failures were known to select personnel at the time, access restrictions to archival records in the post-war period, including the war crimes trials, meant that the extent of its failures and how it appeared to manage knowledge of them has not been widely known.     

论刑法学中的类推解释

类推解释在刑法学中有几种不同的含义。类推解释的概念现在仍有存在的余地。目前有关禁止类推解释与允许类推解释之争,源于对类推解释的理解不一,论说的角度不同,存在各说各话的现象。类推解释与扩张解释的区分是一个世界性的难题。有必要采取词语可能含义说,但还要综合运用其他相关学说提出的方法来做区分。